Those three reason are that he civilized the cities he conquered, he believed that all people in the world should have one rule, and he gave many things to the people. By the due date assigned respond to the Discussion Assignment . In 1312 CE, Musa the First or Mansa (meaning King or Emperor) Musa took the throne of Mali. Signature/Benchmark Assignments are graded with a grading guide or an automated rubric that, Imagine that you are the HR Director at your current organization or an organization with which you are familiar. The military culture of the empire's driving force, the Mandinka people, influenced many later states in West Africa including break-away powers such as the Songhay and Jolof empires. compare and contrast mansa musa and sonni ali. Mansa Musa's gifts of gold to common people throughout his hajj destabilized the entire Egyptian economy. d.he was a follower of Islam. Camels and caravans allowed for quicker and more effective traveling. HanoutApp est disponible sur Google Play et App Store : Copyright 2019 - Site web cr par 10 terms. The surrounding Songhay Empire would conquer most of the Mali kingdom by the late . The Sonni's were driven from power by the Muslim Askiya dynasty. a. desertification. Mansa Musa I, (Ruler of Malian Empire, 1280-1331) $400 billion. Mansa Musas visit to Cairo, Egypt during his Hajj to Mecca had an incredibly negative impact on the economy in Egypt for over a decade. His successor Askia Mohammad I (1493-1528) made Islam the official religion, built mosques, and brought to Gao Muslim scholars, including al-Maghili (d.1504), the founder of an important tradition of Sudanic . King Sonni Ali (as portrayed by the African Heritage Foundation). The Imperialism of Africa is a world nation over political, economic and cultural affairs of other countries and region. President Nasser's Philosophy of the Revolution warns against regarding the pilgrimage as amends after an eventful life.) April 28, 2019. www.ancient-origins.net/history-important-events/askia-great-0011801. Ali was a military tyrant, also referred to as Sunni the Merciless, intolerant of any resistance to his rule. Between 300th century and 1400th century, the most powerful African kingdoms had achieved great goals, such as developing a trade system. niamonaco. July 26, 2019. City Of Armadale Intramaps, Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. This provides evidence to his piety as he immediately accepts this belief with complete devotion, and his, Their structure influenced other societies in the following years, and acted as a model for how to control such a large empire. Waltham Police Log, unlike. Thanks. Since that is the case, Africa has had the most opportunities to impress the modern world. Musa conquered more than 20 major cities in his lifetime. b.Bantu This showed the power of his empire as well as his generosity (though it did cause a fifteen year long rise in inflation). Musa Keita I (c. 1280 - c. 1337) was the tenth Mansa, which translates as "sultan" (king) or "emperor"," of the wealthy West African Mali Empire. In 1591 the Songhai Empire fell to the Moroccans. Last modified July 9, 2019. West Africa Compare And Contrast Essay Both Europe and West Africa followed a system of centralized rule. The last ruler, Sonni Baru, ruled until 1493 when the throne was usurped by the Askiya Muhammad I, the founder of the Askiya dynasty. One of the five pillars of Islam states that Muslims should embark on a pilgrimage known as Hajj, to the holy city of Mecca.. Sonni Al, Sonni also spelled Sunni, also called Sonni Al Ber (Arabic: Al the Great), (died 1492), West African monarch who initiated the imperial expansion of the western Sudanese kingdom of Songhai. GSMA52.pdf. For example, when Mansa Musa is told that it is not permissible to have concubines even if you are a king he immediately replies By God I did not know that. Ghana also profited from the exportation of gold. Muhammad I Askia (also known as Askia the Great) was one of the most important emperors of the Songhai Empire. Other examples of Africans developing writing scripts include the Nsibidi script and the Bamun script. Centered in the city of Gao along the Niger River, the Songhai built up a large army and expanded their territory. mpantel1. Mansa means "Emperor" or "Sultan". Europe wanted to imperialism (take over) Africa and the forces (what they did) that helped them succeed is the new technology, Nationalism, and lastly the most important industrialism. He also studied taxation, trade, religious tolerance, and weights and measures. The key to a good compare-and-contrast essay is to choose two or more subjects that connect in a meaningful way. Note: We moderate submissions in order to create a space for meaningful dialogue, a space where museum visitors adults and youth can exchangeinformed, thoughtful, and relevant comments that add value to our exhibits. After submitting your answer respond to the answers of at least one of the other students. Last modified January 23, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/place/Mali-historical-empire-Africa. 401 W. North Avenue After the fall of the Songhai Empire the remains of the Mali Empire also fall. Never use plagiarized sources. Sonni Ali (also known as Sunni Ali Ber or Sunni Ali) was the first king of the Songhai Empire in western Africa.He ruled from about 1464 to 1492. Timbuktu was a center for trading, salt-gold trade, pilgrimage increased trade. Then he established a central government that was much more organized. Kingdoms of the Grasslands" West African Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai Chapter 8 (2 of 4) - Ppt Video Online Download. SlidePlayer. 2. Muhammad developed a bureaucracy and formed different departments for farming military and treasury purposes. The book is full of interest, both in broad themes and minor detail. Little is known about the actual administration of Songhai during Sonni Als time except that he divided conquered territories into provinces and appointed trusted lieutenants to govern them. 1. Ms I of Mali, Ms also spelled Musa or Mousa, also called Kankan Ms or Mansa Musa, (died 1332/37? The Europeans took over Africa at which it was shown on Document A, every land has been taken over by the Europeans except for Libya and Ethiopia. Identify the following term or individuals and explain their significance. Why is Mansa Musa so important? The Songhai controlled the trade on the Niger river at the time of the Mali Empire. 46 terms. When he returned from his pilgrimage, Morgan, Thad. The Songhai Empire possessed some of Africas earliest organized taxation systems and trade regulations, continuing the ancestral trade routes of gold, ivory, and salt. Kanem-Borno became very wealthy under Alooma reign. His 4,000 mile pilgrimage to Mecca gave him the chance to show his generosity to the common people. many thanks. For further readings on the political systems and major leaders of Ghana see Historian Phillip Curtins work titled African History, the Cambridge History of Africa, and the UNESCO series on the General History of Africa (GHA). Jack Stevens Music. b.Ghana Also, the university in Timbuktu became the center of. REVIEW. The African empires, kingdoms and cities had a vast amount of achievements before the arrival of the Europeans, they had a great economy due to their plentiful trading, as well as a vivid culture lead by the generosity of their government. Mansa Musa helped Islam spread by leaving to pilgrimage and introduced the empire to the Islamic World. His raids against the Mossi took on a religious dimension. The 20th-century historian Nehemia Levtzion suggested that Uli may have been the first mansa of Mali to extend his rule to Walata, Timbuktu, and Gao, though Timbuktu and Gao are usually regarded as later additions to the empire. Table of Contents. While knights rode around medieval Europe, the three great empires of West Africa prospered through unimaginable wealth. Sonni Ali, the ruler from 1465-1492, persecuted Muslim scholars, particularly those who criticized pagan practices. Musa held many titles, including . d.griots, West African merchants were willing to pay a high price for salt because How To Call Landline Using Viber, If you could, would you want to be the richest person in the world, I bet you answered yes, but do you really know one of the most famous richest person in history was? Sixty thousand people and eighty camels, each carrying 300 lbs. Like Mansa Musa, Askia Muhammad made a pilgrimage to Mecca that led to stronger ties with the wider Muslim world. At the time of Musa's rise to the throne, the Malian Empire consisted of territory formerly belonging to the Ghana Empire in present-day southern Mauritania and in Melle (Mali) and the immediate surrounding areas. He followed traditional beliefs and did not convert to Islam. Under the leadership of Sonni Ali (r. 1464-1492), the Songhai of Gao formed the Songhai Empire, which would fill the vacuum left by the Mali Empire's collapse. Following Mansa Musa's death around 1337, the empire fell victim to declining influence around Africa. Think about it: In contrast to money which can run out, your desire for new experiences and ideas will never end. c.brought key trade routes under its control He was the emperor of the wealthy Mali Empire. When Askia made his pilgrimage to Mecca he was accompanied by scholars, holy men, and fifteen- hundred soldiers. In the late 1460s, he conquered many of the Songhai's neighboring states, including what remained of the Mali Empire. During Mansa Musa's reign, Mali strengthened its control And, lastly, Africas natural geography has helped the African people be some of the most successful. He is remembered most notably as the richest man who ever lived. 12 hours ago, https://crystal.essayapple.com/testimonials/reflective-writing/, Excellent and delivered on time. This method had been passed down orally for. A research firm has found that 39%39 \%39% of U.S. adults in the over- $75,000\$ 75,000$75,000 income category work at least 51 hours per week. The Writer I worked with was very fast, and also very easy to understand. Freado, Michael, director. Mansa Musa was the tenth emperor of the Mali dynasty. Ghana, Mali, Songhai, compare and contrast. Mansa Musa I was the ruler of the Mali Empire in West Africa from 1312 to 1337. c.enslaved people and cloth 7 hours ago, https://crystal.essayapple.com/testimonials/reflective-writing-2/. During Musa's 25-year-rule the Mali Empire more than tripled in size and had significant influence in several modern day countries including Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria, Burkino Faso and Chad. The Trans-Saharan Gold Trade (7th14th Century Century)., This 14th-Century African Emperor Remains the Richest Person in History., The Story of Africa| BBC World Service., West Virginia University Cultures States and Societies to 1500 Discussion - Paperanswers. . are bombas socks ethically made; brian perri surgeon net worth; black crow navis 2018 The husband joined his wife's family in her village. c. invasion. 56. Why was Kielburger so strongly impacted by the story about the murdered boy? If you feel West African culture is under-represented, why don't you go write some books on it or make some threads on it, I am not stopping you. Acording to documents one and eight, it shows many trade routes that had been developed throughout Africa and now it is an important international trading center. It was possible to approach him only in a prostate position. d.Mansa Musa, What two products dominated trade in the Sahara For centuries, humankind has searched the globe for potions that will guarantee imortality. Special days closed - Thanksgiving, Christmas Day. Soon after its formation, Songhai looked to expand its territory. Africa is known as the origin of the human race. Explain who Sonni Ali was and how he made Shonghai a wealthy kingdom after Mali's empire shriveled. February 14, 2018. ), mansa (emperor) of the West African empire of Mali from 1307 (or 1312). Muslim scholars flocked to Songhai to study and cultural diffusion allowed for the spread of new ideas. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. London, by contrast, had a total 14th century population of 20,000 people. He brought with him an entourage of over 1000 people (some sources say 60,000) and, most importantly, 100 camel loads of gold. It was founded by Sundiata, also known as the Lion Prince, who formed alliances with key rulers and assembled a large cavalry. Ghana, Mali and Songhai controlled more gold and conducted more global trade than any European power at this time in history. In documents two and three wealth was an important thing in Africa that had contributed to many things that was used in so many ways in Africa. Discuss advances in technology in that field of health care in 250-300 words. came back to him. Along the west coast of Africa, European nations traded for slaves, ivory, and gold. Mansa Musa converted to Islam after being influenced by Muslim traders and officials throughout his capital and adopted many laws and traditions from the Quran. Commercial promotions, impersonations, and incoherent comments likewise fail to meet our goals, so will not be posted. After Muslims conquered the cities in North Africa in the 690's, the dominant language of he region became niamonaco. In 1324 CE, Musa, a Muslim ruler, decided to begin his pilgrimage to Mecca, called the Hajj, which is the fifth pillar of Islam. a. During this time, he captured Timbuktu, an important trade center, and Gao, the capital city of Songhai, spreading Islam to them both. Mansa Musa, who ruled from 1312 to 1337 CE (often referred to as the golden age of the Mali Empire), was the tenth mansa, or king, of the Mali Empire, which was located in the Sahara Desert and stretched across two thousand miles from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake Chad (Alkhateeb; Tesfu). By Posted jordan schnitzer house In strengths and weaknesses of a volleyball player These African societies not only influenced the global economy, they also shaped the world's art, culture, and religion through international trade. Mansa Musa. Sunni Ali, also known as Si Ali, Sunni Ali Ber (Ber meaning "the Great"), [1] was born in Ali Kolon. He was known as Askai the Great, and was a devoted Muslim. 799 Words4 Pages. He ruled from 1307 to 1312 and did many remarkable things during his ruling such as building The Great Mosque at Timbuktu. Topic 8 Lesson 6: Kingdoms of West Africa. Before the arrival of the Europeans, African accomplished many achievements across all of their cities, empires and, kingdoms that defined their nation. 3. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The roots of Mali start within ancient Ghana and the Malinke inhabitants of Kangaba, who served as middlemen trading gold to foreigners. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. As Mali rose from the fall of Ghana, so Songhai would assert its independent power over the region, emerging as the next great Western African Empire. He died while returning from a campaign against Fulani peoples who lived west of Songhai. So Mansa Musa could also be called King Moses. c. Kinship ties came through the father's side. But today's billionaires don't even get close to Musa's wealth. Controlling territories rich in gold and copper, and monopolising trade between the north and interior of the continent, Mali grew extremely wealthy. His most notable contribution however was the establishment of an efficient government. From a centralized base in the capital Gao, famous and wise Songhai kings such as Sunni Ali and . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); ABHM On-Line According to the image , 20 % of the people who traveled with Mansa Musa were enslaved . b.leaders of the standing armies He opened religious schools and mosques across the empire. Rothschild family (banking dynasty, 1740- ) $350 billion. A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or both.. Mansa Musa expanded trade and territory, had religious tolerance, and made a pilgrimage to Mecca. I just think his story would make a more exiting movie.' Most of Africa did not have written language before the arrival of the European missionaries, there were certain Africans who did develop written languages, such as the Egyptians hieroglyphics. The virtues include the element of honesty transparency alongside other fundamentals like truth and justice. Mansa Musa, built the Djinguerebere Mosque in the fourteenth century. In ethiopia, they develop a system of calculation that function without fractions. c.centralized power in a particular clan Esempi Di Scaletta Cinematografica, Mansa Musa and his wealth was one reason Mali, lead to a site of cultural exchange, but Mali also became a site of cultural exchange because of the effects of trade, which also lead to spread of knowledge, ideas, and religion. Songhai empire, also spelled Songhay, great trading state of West Africa (flourished 15th-16th century), centred on the middle reaches of the Niger River in what is now central Mali and eventually extending west to the Atlantic coast and east into Niger and Nigeria. Sunni Ali expanded the boarders, Askia Muhammad took control of the salt mines. For each of the confidence intervals, identify and explain the maximum likely error in the study. Like the rulers before him of both Songhai and Mali, Askia the Great was a devout Muslim. i will gladly read your threads, you can invite me to your thread on usman don fodio or sonni ali or mansa musa. https://crystal.essayapple.com/testimonials/research-paper/. Best Landscaping Reno, Nv, Submissions longer than 120 words will be shortened. b. ancient pathways. Though Musa encouraged conversion to . Well, if you answered Mansa Musa you are correct! I hereby leave it and abandon it utterly! (page 59). The empires in Africa had a solid economy which was supported by their trade. The Songhai kingdom was a . Cress Creek Country Club Menu, Salt, however, is essential for human survival and rare the further south ones travels. An appointed governor was responsible for controlling the soldiers of that city, and collecting taxes. Thus effective intervention rarely can be carried out by a single human services professional. b. Ethiopia. Covering roughly 500,000 square miles of land, it was the biggest empire West Africa has ever . Mansa means "king" in the Malinke language, and Musa is Arabic for Moses. best 1v1 commander decks 2021; brentwood high school alumni; recovery housing of maine; clipper lighter display case; keepassxc browser github; grape street watts crips sign; joint equipment centre inverurie phone number Historians argue whether Alexander the Great is a hero or villain. Ruling the gold center of the world, Mansa Musas wealth is incomprehensible. The facial proportions show typical alterations in comparison with European physiognomy. All final decisious with respect to law, appointments, treaties, etc. The Songhai Empire was born out of quarrelling within Mali that eventually led to the independence of Songhai began its journey to becoming a great kingdom of Africa. Rebecca Schnabel is a graduate of UW-Milwaukees Masters of Public History and Museum Studies Certificate programs. Therefore, he took measures to control this expanding empire. They were producing carbon steel that dated back, 1,500 years. Mansa Musa Mansa Musa was . While Mali quickly fell apart due to rampant disunity, a new king reigned. Trade in Mali. Sonni Ali ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492. In the book Medieval West Africa, Al- Umari (13011394) described many actions of Mansa Musa that reflect him as a pious Muslim, and a person of high moral virtue. a.he was not a soldier Sonni Ali is also known, however, for his wise economic decisions, reviving the ancient trade routes of empires past. d. Axum, Scholars have been able to trace the Bantu migrations by studying C. Askia Muhammad opened many schools for people to study the Quran. By the end of his reign, the Songhai Empire grew larger even than the Mali Empire. Menu. The Songhai people broke away from Mali control after Mansa Musa's death. When Sonni Al ascended the Songhai throne about 1464, the . After removing disturbed soil 0.35 m in depth (phase 1), we found the first structure made of rectangular banco bricks 0.6 m long and 0.3 m wide (Fig. Mansa Musa ran an efficient governmentappointing governors to rule certain areas . The kingdom grew after the decline of the Mali Empire. by | Jun 16, 2022 | cheap deposit holidays | robertson funeral home marlin tx | Jun 16, 2022 | cheap deposit holidays | robertson funeral home marlin tx Songhai, compare and contrast. Soon after its formation, Songhai looked to expand its territory. 1. In the following sentence, cross out any misspelled word and write the correct spelling above it. A new online art exhibit featuring portraits of prominent resistance leaders, including Dr. Cameron, founder of ABHM, Some Exhibits to Come African Peoples Before Captivity, Enslaved Peoples in African Societies Before the Transatlantic Slave Trade, Early African Women: Hunters, Warriors, & Rulers. Aware of the benefits of controlling Sudanese commerce, Sonni Al turned to the conquest of the wealthy trading city of Jenne (now Djenn) on the Bani River near its confluence with the Niger. Three of the World's Most Influential Empires: We moderate submissions in order to create a space for meaningful dialogue, a space where museum visitors adults and youth can exchangeinformed, thoughtful, and relevant comments that add value to our exhibits. a. grain. That Africans migrated with all their idols and paraphernalia required for worshipping Satan. In documents two, four, five, six, seven, and eight there were many rulers and travelers throughout Africa that had many influences on Africa achievements, that had eventually gone downhill. Comparison in writing discusses elements that are similar, while contrast in writing discusses elements that are different. Many of these actions occurred during Mansa Musas pilgrimage to Mecca in 1312. Located between two major rivers, the Niger and the Senegal, and bordered by the Sahara to the east, Ghana became the center of trade between the Arabs and Berbers in the northern regions and other African societies to the south. Let's go to the Thought Bubble. Today's news and culture by Black and other reporters in the Black and mainstream media. He was the first Muslim African ruler to make the pilgrimage. penance? Askia the Great: Revolt Leader to Powerful Songhai Emperor. He further expanded Songhai territory. Paper was 100% unique!! compare and contrast mansa musa and sonni ali. The Sonni dynasty, Sunni dynasty or Si dynasty was a dynasty of rulers of the Songhai Empire of medieval West Africa. Throughout history, Africas kingdoms have utilized their natural resources to become some of the most prosperous kingdoms the world has ever seen. How did South Africa's experience of colonialism and independence differ from that of other nations of Africa? Mansa Musa was a devout Muslim. Thanks to this intricate highway system, Mediterranean traders could travel south to African strongholds like Ghana to exchange their salt for ivory and gold. d.limited power by adopting a constitution, How did Sonni Ali of Songhai differ from most other West African rulers Disclaimer: Use of EssayApple.com complies with educational standards and does not violate any regulations issued by educational institutions. Ryan Coogler new film will likely be that depicting the life of one of the most wealthy men to ever live, Mansa Musa. Closed early on Christmas Eve and New Years Eve. Under the leadership of Sonni Ali (r. 1464"1492), the Songhai of Gao formed the Songhai Empire, which would fill the vacuum left by the Mali Empire's collapse. Along the way he shared his vast wealth with many people of other countries. How does British rule compare with Mughal rule in India Discuss in terms of mode of administration and its impact on economy and politics . a.a group of electors Sonni Ali ruled Songhai from 1464 to 1492. Tombouctou and Djenn became key centers for trans-Sahara trade. It was very well organized and followed https://crystal.essayapple.com/testimonials/essay-2/. Alternate titles: Sonni Al Ber, Sunni Al. Updates? However, Mansa Musa contributed far more to the world than gold. Here is a really fun African Mask Project with very little prep time. . Unfortunately, emperors who followed would lose control of several smaller states within Mali, causing disunity, revolt, and the erosion of central power. 9 terms. Answer (1 of 4): The Mali Empire was a prominent empire in western Africa which followed the downfall of the powerful Kingdom of Ghana. About us; DMCA / Copyright Policy; Privacy Policy; Terms of Service; First Contact Converging Cultures Sections Migration Native American Identify Main Ideas and Details . Askia the Great: Revolt Leader to Powerful Songhai Emperor. Ancient Origins, Ancient Origins. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It is told that he was the richest person ever in history. Who: Sonni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire who ruled from 1464 to 1492 CE. These experts would establish universities and mosques. Institutions from the Mali Empire also survived . Thank you for the grade. Mali swallowed up the wealth of Ghana and expanded on their practices with great success. With trading becoming increasingly popular in this area, it provided the resources to build new and larger political structures. In 1312 CE, Musa the First or Mansa (meaning King or Emperor) Musa took the throne of Mali. This empire bore the same name as its leading ethnic group, the Songhai. This army was a formidable fighting force, which enabled Mansa Musa to double the size of his kingdom. b.he was not a Muslim Sofia200. . On the other hand while Egypt also had lower classes it didn 't matter. 1. The Soninke kept the core of pure metal for themselves, accumulating great wealth, and left the unworked native gold to be marketed by the common people. - No Plagiarism. Mansa Musa converted to Islam after being . As the desire and need for further trade grew, the nomadic Berbers created the western trans-Saharan caravan road. Scholars from Muslim lands flocked to Askia Muhammad's court at Gao. a.Axum These empires provided protection and resources to many great African and Muslim scholars, thereby supporting the development of science, philosophy, and other forms of knowledge across the globe. World History . Mansa Musa was arguably the greatest Mali emperor. Mali became the center of trans-Saharan trade. After Sonni Ali's death in 1492, his son was soon ousted by Askiya Mu ammad Ture (1493 - 1528), one of the generals who had formed an alliance with discontented elements in the western provinces of Songhai. The 16th-century Muslim Sudanese historian Abd al-Raman al-Sadi, in the historical chronicle Tarkh al-Sdn (History of the Sudan), related several instances of Sonni Als summary executions of friend and foe alike. Timbuktu was a center for trading, salt-gold trade, pilgrimage increased trade, Sunni Ali expanded the boarders, Askia Muhammad took control of the salt mines, Mansa Musa was Muslim, but he let people practice their own beliefs, Askia Muhammad spread muslim through scholars because he believed that his previous ruler had not practiced Islam correctly, After Mansa Musa rulers were weak, Berber nomads, Songhai, and bandits seized the land, After Askia rulers were weak, Morocco raided salt mines and captured the cities with fire arms, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, compare and contrast, Topic 8 Lesson 6: Kingdoms of West Africa, myPerspectives: English Language Arts, Grade 7, Dahia Ibo Shabaka, Larry S. Krieger, Linda Black, Phillip C. Naylor, Roger B. Beck, SpringBoard English Language Arts: Grade 10, COMMUNICATIONS CHAPTER 1, 2 3 EXAM REVIEW. However, he had a plethora of advisors and leaders under him to delegate work unto. He was rather ill-disposed to the Songhai, compare and contrast. This new form of slave trade caused the Atlantic slave trade to occur and it threatened many Africans from being stripped away from their homes. Many European, Middle Eastern, and Asian strongholds would not have prospered without the trade from these African Empires. Mansa Ms left a realm notable for its extent and richeshe built the Great Mosque at Timbuktubut he is best remembered in the Middle East and Europe for the splendour of his pilgrimage to Mecca (1324 . Please reschedule your visit if you are not feeling well. As the HR Director you must use different employment law requirements to create methods and policies that support the promotion of a diverse workforce. Shawneeonnene0198451.blogspot.com DA: 33 PA: 44 MOZ Rank: 77. in contrast to. (Note: These historic empires are not the countries bearing the same names today. Warfare on rivers also takes us to the Niger when we read of Sonni Ali blocking the retreat of his enemies during the siege of Timbuctoo (Mali) using 400 canoes. Further According to 2000 UN report shows that Christians form 45% of Africa's population, and Muslims forming 40.6% while the rest religions like African Tradition religions (ATRs), and Hinduism forms the remaining percentage (14.4%)12. As of May 2021, Bill Gates comes in far below Musa at $126 billion. Compare and contrast the representations of cultural majority groups (KKK and Christianity) with the representations of minority groups (The election of Barack Obama and the Underground Railroad) Subject: History Price: Bought 3 Sonni Ali, the ruler from 1465-1492, persecuted Muslim scholars, particularly those who criticized pagan practices.