, Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. We use some essential cookies to make this website work. Court judges have seen similar increases to 26% female staff, largely driven by High Court Judge appointments. , Breakdown by offence type is not available in the CSEW 2019/20 data. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS: Senior Legal Manager, Chief Crown Prosecutor and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ: Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS: Senior Civil Servant; Police: Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary: High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. The age distribution of female and male defendants is broadly similar. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. Overall personal crime rates decreased significantly between 2018/19 and 2019/20. , See technical guide for information on the use of section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983). The indictable offence groups with the highest proportion of females prosecuted were fraud offences (33% female) and theft offences (21% female), while the groups with the highest proportion of males prosecuted were sexual offences (98% male) and possession of weapons (93% male). Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. , Where sex is known. In 2019, the number of individuals who self-harmed per 1,000 prisoners was 335 for females and 148 for males[footnote 67]. The custody rate for male offenders was highest for Chinese and Other at 37%. The remains . This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. Between 2015 and 2019, female children saw the largest decline, a decrease of 35% in prosecutions, compared to a 29% decrease for male children that were prosecuted over the same period. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. Within the Ministry of Justices statistical publications there can be three main reasons for statistics to be revised: Changes in how either source administrative systems collect information or a change in statistical methodology to improve accuracy and measurement. Amongst those receiving cautions, discharges and fines, a greater proportion of young female offenders attained 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English and Maths, than the young male group. As with PNDs, a larger proportion of female offenders were cautioned for theft offences (19% compared to 10% for males) whereas a larger proportion of male offenders were cautioned for drug offences (27% compared to 13% for females). Press enquiries should be directed to the Ministry of Justice press office: Other enquiries about these statistics should be directed to the Justice Statistics Analytical Services division of the Ministry of Justice: Damon Wingfield, Responsible Statistician and Head of Criminal Justice System Statistics Five-year time series refers to 2014/15 to 2018/19. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. Supplementary Excel (in an Open .ods format) tables accompany the chapters, providing additional data where the figures have not previously been published (or not published in that form). Data are also provided on a trend basis dating back to 2000 to 2001 and 2005 to 2006 onwards for more detailed data. 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to C, including English & Maths. Youth custody report and data for February 2018 published. In 2019, 26% of the 1.25 million defendants of known sex that had a completed case were female. The figure was higher for custodial fathers at 54.6%. For each offence, the proportion of those who were sentenced to immediate custody was lower for female offenders than for males. , These are sourced from linked magistrates courts and Crown Court administrative data systems with a match rate of around 90%. First time offenders accounted for 24% of offenders who were cautioned or convicted In England and Wales in 2019, of which 78% were male and 22% females[footnote 88]. The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. As per the reports presented by the Custodial Mothers & Fathers and the Child Support (2015), the statistics presented by the United States Census Bureau indicated that there are around 13.7 million single parents in the United States. separation. Statistics on PSRs are published alongside Offender Management Statistics. There is no published data available on Fixed Penalty Notices by sex. The majority (95%) of the prison population were male. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. May in certain circumstances also be suitable when the Court is considering custody. Youth custody report for June 2015 published. A higher proportion of young females were suspected as having issues with alcohol misuse, were identified at risk of suicide, self-harm or harm through personal neglect and in need of accommodation, education, employment or training. PDF The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S Figure 7.10: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with Special Educational Needs without a statement, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.3). , Monthly Youth Custody Official Statistics on the population in custody of children and young people within secure childrens homes (SCHs), secure training centres (STCs) and young offender institutions (YOIs) are published by the Youth Custody Service. As with adults, the most common offence group was violence against the person, for which 37% of female young people were being dealt with when referred to liaison and diversion services compared to 19% of male young people. A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. This is the latest biennial compendium of Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System and follows its sister publication Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System published last year. For more information and statistics on criminal court timeliness please refer to the Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020 bulletin. You have rejected additional cookies. The most common sentence for indictable benefit fraud offences was a community sentence, received by 51% of females and 53% of males sentenced in 2019. This proportion was 5 percentage points lower than the proportion of adult females that were prosecuted for indictable offences, at 15%. This was higher than the proportion of pupils eligible for FSM in the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14 and 2014/15 (14% for both young females and young males). Reference will usually be made to children by which we refer to individuals aged 10 to 17 years of age[footnote 80][footnote 81]. Sex can be considered to refer to whether someone is male or female based on their physiology, with gender representing a social construct or sense of self that takes a wider range of forms. (Michon, 2021) . The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G, including English & Maths. The number of PNDs issued has continued to decline over the last 5 years, falling from 47,400 in 2015 by 58% to 19,800 in 2019. Cannabis warnings and community resolutions will not be considered when looking at out of court disposals because they are not recorded by sex. The other ethnic groups all had the same custody rate of 35%. Consequently, there is a lower proportion of effective trials for females (43%) compared to males (50%). (Office of National Statistics) In 2007, 27.6% of children lived with their mother in the UK, while just 2.4% lived only with their father. Youth custody report for March 2015 published. The greater tendency for female first time offenders to be cautioned or convicted for theft aligns with trends for offenders more generally, as discussed in Chapter 4: Police Activity. When men get awarded child support, they average 17% less than women. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. This difference is driven by female offenders receiving shorter average custodial lengths than males. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. Large figures are generally presented rounded to the nearest thousand, and percentages to the nearest percentage point in the bulletin text (or however is most appropriate). The custody rate for this offence was 14% for females and 34% for males in 2019. Possession of an article with blade or point (760 sentenced). 30+ Divisive Child Custody Statistics | Legaljobs A similar trend was seen in male prosecutions over the last five years, where the number of males prosecuted for indictable offences was 25% lower in 2019 than in 2015. More than 500 lay people (59 percent men, 41 percent women) also were recruited online to take part in the study. In contrast, a higher proportion of male than female first time offenders were cautioned or convicted for drug offences over the last 5 years (13% and 5% respectively in 2019). Figure 5.13: Average custodial sentence length, by sex, 2015 to 2019. Just over a quarter (26%) of all prosecutions were for female defendants in 2019, which has remained stable over the last 5 years. Police station advice alone accounts for 71% of the workload for both sexes in 2019, increasing from around 60% since 2012. In the 2019/20 HM Inspectorate of Prisons survey, females reported significantly more negative results for questions related to problems on arrival at prison. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. Every effort is made to ensure that the figures presented are accurate and complete. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. , The data in this section relates to persons remanded in each completed court case rather than to the number of remand decisions (a person may be remanded several times during a case). Figure 7.03: Average Custodial Sentence Lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences by sex and ethnic group, England and Wales, 2019. Report and data for December 2017 published. Of those remanded in custody at magistrates court in 2019, 65% of male defendants were sent for trial or sentencing at Crown Court, compared to 50% of female defendants. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). Further information on the methodology and cohort size can be found in the technical guide. Report on Custodial Mothers and Fathers and Their Child Support version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. Tests for statistical significance are published in the Victims tables alongside this report. As with custodial sentences, females on average received shorter community orders (11.6 months) and suspended sentence orders (16.6 months) on compared to males (at 12.5 and 17.3 months respectively). Figure 5.11: Proportion of offenders sentenced for indictable offences, by sentencing outcome and sex, 2019, Sentence lengths and average custodial sentence length (ACSL). Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. Overall, of the young offenders sentenced/cautioned, a larger proportion of young males (14%) had been permanently excluded compared to young females (10%). , 3% of young people identified as intersex or did not disclose this information. The largest difference between genders in proportions of persistent absence was seen for those who were dealt with by a community penalty. In 2019/20, 31,800 individuals were detained under section 136 of the Mental Health Act (1983) in England and Wales, a 2% increase when compared to the previous year[footnote 26]. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 94] (62% for young females and 52% for young males) and 2014/15[footnote 95] (62% for young females and 53% for young males). There were some differences between the gender groups at this attainment level across all disposals. Youth custody report for September 2016 published. Youth custody data for December 2016 published. The judges and lay people analyzed two mock court cases, including a child. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. Youth custody report for May 2016 published. Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) Equalities report was also released on the same day as this report. In 2018/19, the most frequent method of killing was sharp instrument for both males (46%) and females (25%), accounting for 39% of all homicides, consistent with previous years. In 2019/20, 7,002 prisoners completed the survey of which 694 were female. In the Crown Court, 90% of crime higher legal aid work related to male clients. There was also a higher proportion of females with mental health needs, the majority of which were depressive illness which affected 25% of females compared to 20% of males. Department of Work and Pensions benefits statistics, fewer women coming into the criminal justice system and reoffending, fewer women in custody, especially on short-term sentences, and a greater proportion of women managed in the community successfully; and. When comparing sentencing outcomes for male and female offenders, a consistently larger proportion of male offenders receive custodial sentences whereas larger proportions of female offenders receive community sentences or a conditional discharge. These reports may include a full risk assessment of the offender. Youth Custody Report for November 2013 published. The data described comes from various sources including the Home Office. like child support and child custody, contested. It has not been possible to accurately replicate the existing methodology and produce robust estimates in time for this release following changes to the way that data are recorded. in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. The custody rate for this offence was 19% for females in 2019, compared with 26% for males. Despite this, a higher proportion of females reported verbal abuse, threats and bullying from other prisoners. Over the last five years, female representation has remained constant within the MoJ (67% in 2019). Females were typically dealt with for less severe offences at court. , Further information regarding the impacts on published estimates of the ongoing data reforms seen in the criminal courts can be found at the following link: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Plea data is sourced from the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin and excludes companies, defendants with unknown sex and unknown plea. 106 Divorce Statistics You Can't Ignore: 2023 Divorce Rates and Impact The study relied solely on electronically available published opinions in child custody cases (n = 4,338). Women and the Criminal Justice System, 2019 - GOV.UK Figure 4.03: Number of Penalty Notices for Disorder issued, by sex, 2015 to 2019. The summary offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were[footnote 115]: TV licence evasion females made up 74% of the 114,000 convictions in 2019, up 3 pp from 2015. It is our intention to develop and test a new methodology that maintains our high professional standards and ensures that accurate, consistent series are available to all. In the same year, 51.7% of adults perceived the Criminal Justice System as effective; this did not significantly differ between sexes. , Where there are multiple suspects in a homicide case, they are categorised in the Homicide Index as either the principal or a secondary suspect. , Figures refers only to those with known ethnicity; for this group, ethnicity coverage was 72% in 2019. For females, this was followed by strangulation, asphyxiation (17%), and, for males, hitting, kicking, etc. (18%). Of all sexual offences, indecent exposure and unwanted touching had the highest prevalence rate. These include: National liaison and diversion services data from NHS England, Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). As at 30 June 2019, 13% of the sentenced male prison population were serving indeterminate sentences compared to 11% of the female population. Males were serving longer custodial sentence length. , For both indictable and summary offences. The Truth About Father Bias in Family Courts - Everyday Feminism Other defendants such as companies and public bodies are also excluded. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender. Youth custody report for October 2015 published. Publication Child Support for Custodial Mothers and Fathers: 1997 October 2000 As at 30 June 2019, the sentence length profile of males and females under a determinate sentence differs, with a higher proportion of females (15%) serving sentences of less than 12 months, compared to 6% of males[footnote 64] (influenced by custodial sentencing in Chapter 5: Defendants and offence mix in Chapter 7: Offence Analysis). This was driven by a decrease in prevalence of indecent exposure and unwanted touching, and rape excluding attempts. Among children, 7.9% of males reported crimes against the person in 2019/20, significantly more than females did (3.7%). In 2017, the national average paid in child support to custodial parents amounted to $3,431 per year. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. In 2019, there were 72,200 first receptions into prison, of which 90% were male and 10% were female. The processes by which other revisions will be communicated and published. In 2019, 15% of the total crime lower legal aid workload was for female clients and this proportion has remained stable over the last 5-year period[footnote 41]. Well send you a link to a feedback form. The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of what child custody evaluators and This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. As with personal crime, a greater proportion of males were victims, than females (3.6% and 1.4%, respectively). As discussed in Chapter 5: Defendants, in 2019, 26% of individuals[footnote 113] prosecuted in England and Wales were female[footnote 114]. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. , Lancashire Constabulary and Greater Manchester Police were unable to supply complete data for 2018/19 and for 2019/20 respectively. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Similar proportions are seen in convictions. , Where sex is known. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. In 2019, 50% of female offenders who were sentenced to custody received sentences of up to and including 3 months, compared to 31% of males and these proportions have been decreasing for both female and male offenders over the last 5 years. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. , From April 2017, the upper age limit for the self-completion module was increased to ask all respondents aged 16 to 74. Further information on the following topics related to offender management is available online: Substance Misuse Treatment Programmes, Offender Learning, Safety in Custody, Deaths in or following police contact, Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Restricted Patients, Home Detention Curfew, Release on Temporary License, Licence Recalls. There are few comparisons to the population as a whole, but we have considered this to be 51% female, as based on Mid-year Population Estimates from the Office for National Statistics.